Each year the United States spends over 20 million dollars buying fossil fuels. This country emits one fourth of the world’s greenhouse gases; the most prominent of these gases is carbon dioxide, which is released from the burning of fossil fuels. Global warming has been a global issue for many years now. Some countries and people claim to be only vaguely concerned with the cause because they were unaware or uninformed of the issue. Roger Revelle, an oceanographer, helped to call out the problem to the public. After not receiving much feedback towards his cause, he criticized different governments in a jocular manner. He called warming “the great geophysical experiment.” He said, “The experiment is to load the atmosphere with as much carbon dioxide as possible, add a few other harmful gases, and see what happens.” Recently, several countries have been passing laws to prevent the world’s overheated destiny. Even with the setting of new rules and regulations, the earth continues to warm each year. Minimal efforts made to reduce the release of greenhouse gases, specifically carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels, increase the rate and intensity of global warming.

The most prominent effect of global warming exists in the climate change over the past years. Many people are unaware that global warming causes and changes all types of weather. The heating of the earth causes the magnitude and strength of weather conditions to increase. As the oceans get warmer, the intensity of hurricanes amplifies in power and devastation. In addition, many costal cities and regions have recently been experiencing flooding, caused by the melting of the polar icecaps. The Arctic’s perennial icecaps decline in area by nine percent each year. In the past thirty years, over ten national records were set for the highest temperatures in the summer and winter. Droughts and forest fires have been occurring dramatically more often in the past century. All of these effects have been directly linked to the release of greenhouse gases.

Another area affected by global warming is the animal kingdom and nature. The number of animals per specie has been decreasing annually due to harsh environmental changes. As the polar icecaps melt, all creatures that live there are left without shelter. For example, as seal dens have been melting, the number of seals has dropped. Events that occur in the spring, such as mating, migrating, laying eggs, and returning from hibernation have been taking place approximately 5.1 days earlier than they were fifty years ago. The early occurrence of these events proves that the earth is getting warmer each year. More proof of warming is the evidence of many animals traveling farther from the equator as they migrate. Although this change has been occurring with various creatures, butterflies and mosquitoes are being found the farthest from their natural habitats. Even though butterflies do not cause any known problems with the environment, mosquitoes are carries of malaria. This deadly disease has dangerously spread to new regions across the globe. If the world continues to warm, this issue, along with many others, will continue to grow.

A third type of evidence of global warming can be found in plants. Vegetation in an area differs concurrently with the climate of that same area. Throughout many parts of the world, flowers bloom 7 days earlier and trees reproduce 10 days earlier, both since 1900. As the growing seasons vary from very wet to very dry, agricultural growth cannot adapt. In some recent years, regions’ crops have been both flooded and dried out. Due to the depletion of the ozone, many crops cannot survive. Another problem is the movement and increase of allergens. Carbon in the atmosphere allows plants to go through photosynthesis more rapidly, allowing allergens to grow in number. This evidence found throughout all of nature makes it very clear that global warming is a huge issue.

A combination of various actions and, in some cases, not enough action causes global warming in the world today. The leading cause of global warming is the ongoing burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, along with the other greenhouse gases of methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluocarbons, is the cause of the greenhouse effect. This effect is dangerously increasing as the gases are being released in greater quantities. These gases not only build up to keep heat in the atmosphere, but they also thin the ozone layer. Some areas have been so thinned by the gases that there are holes present in the ozone. These dangerous holes allow harmful UV rays from the sun to reach the earth. UV rays are the main cause of skin cancer. As the earth continues to increase its pollution level each year, the number of skin cancer patients increases.

Because it releases carbon dioxide into the air, the burning of fossil fuels is an environmentally harmful practice. Carbon dioxide can be absorbed by seawater. If the water is cold, it can hold more gas. Unfortunately, with global warming, the temperature of the oceans has been increasing. As the temperatures increase, more carbon dioxide is released. This vicious circle will continue to occur unless scientists cannot this from occurring. Particularly, petrol, or gasoline, is a leading source of the release of these carbon dioxide compounds. Petrol contains hydrocarbons that release carbon dioxide when they are burned. This reaction is unfortunately unavoidable. The only solution is a different fuel source. Carbon dioxide, once released, lasts up to 100 years in the atmosphere. It is the most abundant heat-absorbent gas besides water vapor, which is not considered as a greenhouse gas because it rains back to the earth in a continuous cycle. The Mauna Loa Observatory has been measuring the level of carbon dioxide daily since 1958. Since their research began, the level in the atmosphere has drastically increased by 47 parts per million. Carbon dioxide makes up about one-half of the causes of global warming.

Although carbon dioxide largely harms the environment, the other greenhouse gases have a large impact in the atmosphere. Methane, the next most prominent harmful gas, comes from cattle, asphalt, coal, oil, and rice fields. Lasting only ten years, methane absorbs thirty times more heat than carbon dioxide. Another greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide, lasts approximately 180 years and absorbs 200 times more heat than carbon dioxide. Nitrous oxide comes from microbes in soil that are found in fertilizers. Slash-and-burn farming and the burning of some fossil fuels also emit nitrous oxide. The final greenhouse gas, chlorofluocarbon, lasts 400 years in the air and retains 16, 000 times more heat. Chlorofluocarbons escape from various cooling systems. The combination of these four gases results in the retention of intense amounts of heat.

Throughout the world, various nations have been joining to help prevent or slow the process of global warming. On February 3, 2007, French president, Jacques Chirac, proposed a new plan to prevent global warming. He stated, “It’s our responsibility. The future of humanity demands it.” Forty-five nations, not including the United States, joined him in his efforts. Al Gore, however, is very involved with global warming and the greenhouse effect; he supports Chirac and plans to help. As it is the largest contributor to global warming, the United States unfortunately supports only voluntary reduction programs.

The issue of global warming affects nature, people, and the economy. To some people, global warming is not of their concern because they feel it does not affect them. Although they may not realize it, global warming affects everyone, especially the future generations. Scientists mathematically simulate the globe’s weather systems. Their complex equations, called general circulation models (GCMs), are so complex and involve countless elements that they can take days to solve. Environmentalists verify that the hazardous combination of flooding and drought will significantly increase within the next century. The standard sea level has been rising annually for a while now. Some say that if the earth continues on the path it is on, then 95% of the Great Barrier Reef will disappear by 2075. They calculate that the glaciers in Glacier National Park could melt by 2030, and 37% of all species could be extinct by 2050.

Scientists directly link disease to global warming. Exposure to various climate or animal related diseases will increase in number and possibly brutality. Experts agree that skin cancer’s rapid rate of increase could be caused by the holes in the ozone layer. As these holes grow in size and number, the quantity of patients will also increase. Aside from natural and heath issues, the world’s economy is also at risk. Ross Gelbspan, author of Boiling Point, a book about Earth’s climate change from global warming, spoke about his book to the public in 2004 stating, “Climate issues will eventually tear holes in the global economy.” Research can show that if current weather patterns continue, the cost of insurance will increase drastically over the next few years. Gelbspan is one of many authors and scientists who look into the future to warn people what is to come; unfortunately, most people do not listen.

When people are trying to get others involved in the cause, a common problem that arises is the lack of motivation. Many people do not realize that if they can slow the rapid warming process, then there will be more time to develop alternate energy sources, such as nuclear fusion. Holland and Germany, along with several small countries, have recognized this possibility and have committed to an 80% reduction of all greenhouse gas emissions. If the United States would get involved in a program such as this, then the greenhouse

Global warming could do more than just melt polar ice. It could change our maps, and displace people from cities and tropical islands. See all National Geographic videos: video.nationalgeographic.com
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Global warming is defined as the constant increase of the earth’s temperature which causes rapid climate changes, and is one of the main issues of our time. This subject is an issue since the specialists such as climatologists and scientists do not agree on the causes of the climate change: either humans are to blame or it is a natural process. Both sides of the argument believe that the other is applying the fallacies of false cause and suppressed evidence In the article “Humans blamed for climate change” written by Richard Black, it is stated that the IPCC believes that humans are “likely” to be the cause for global warming and that the warming period we are facing is seen as being a threat to the living beings on the planet. They claim the surplus of CO2 in the atmosphere is what is causing the earth’s surface to heat up and that because of this the sea levels are rising.They also argue that human activity, in other words, our constant emission of greenhouse gasses is what is causing global warming and tropical storms. Lastly, they claim that the predictions they made on the climate change we were going to experience are getting worse and the process is faster than expected. I believe that both sides the study of global warming have good and bad arguments, the second opinion being that climate change is a natural process and that there is no reason to fear this change; and I feel that this is a positive way to conduct the study because science should always be open to different possibilities. The scientists with a different point of view on the subject state firstly that climate change has been occurring through history and the supposedly threatening patterns that the researchers have been seeing in glaciers are simply a natural process. The “global warming” is due to the increase in the sun’s temperature which has not only been seen on planet earth but also on the other planets in our solar system. Lastly, the temperature has been rising but not as dramatically as predicted, the rise and fall of sea-levels is determined by more complicated theories than the melting of ice and global warming is not necessarily a catastrophic event.

First of all, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) said that temperatures were probably going to increase by 1.8-4C (3.2-7.2F) by the end of the century and that global warming was likely to influence the intensity of tropical storms(Black). It may be possible that the temperature is actually increasing but other sources claim otherwise. For example, one scientist from the IPCC does not agree with the many others on the claim that global warming is manmade. UN IPCC Japanese Scientist Dr. Kiminori Itoh, an award-winning PhD environmental physical chemist, states that warming fears are the “worst scientific scandal in the historyWhen people come to know what the truth is, they will feel deceived by science and scientists”(Morano). On the other hand, let’s assume that the IPCC is right about the temperatures getting warmer. In that case, logically the intensity of the heat will indeed have an influence on the intensity and frequency of tropical storms. I believe that the fact that some leading scientists that are part of the IPCC do not agree with the claims that the organization defends proves that this study remains an inductive argument and that science should never stick to one conclusion without exploring others. In the article, Dr Susan Soloman claims that “we can be very confident that the net effect of human activity since 1750 has been one of warming” (Black). The IPCC now concludes that it is “90 % certain that human emissions of greenhouse gases rather than natural variations are warming the planet’s surface” (Black). For the scientists that believe the other side of the argument, this would seem to them like the fallacy of false cause. They claim that other scientists and climatologists compared the temperatures in the past and related them to the emission of greenhouse gasses and their conclusion was completely opposite to the one of the IPCC. They state that “warmer periods of the Earth’s history came around 800 years before rises in carbon dioxide levels’, meaning that a rise in Carbon Dioxide follows a rise in temperature, rather than increasing temperature following rising CO2 emissions” (Marshall). They also mention that there was a huge surge in CO2 after the Second World War, yet the global temperatures fell for four decades after 1940 (Marshall). Due to this information, it is possible that global warming may not be mainly caused by the human emissions of CO2 since apparently the CO2 did not have that much effect on the temperature in the past. On the other hand, it is more than likely that the emissions of CO2 in the past were smaller than in our present time which suggests that humans may have an effect on the changing temperature. Once again, both sides of the argument are possible which proves that this scientific study remains an inductive argument.

On the subject of rising sea-levels, “computer models of climate generally include water coming into the oceans as ice caps and glaciers melt” (Black). The IPCC also states that the sea-levels are likely to rise by 28 to 43 centimetres (Black). This means that the glaciers are moving, breaking off from one another and melting, and this causes the sea-levels to rise. It is said that this will be a threat to humanity yet in the opinions of scientists that support a different argument, the people who affirm this point ignore stronger evidence that sustain a different conclusion. In other words, both sides of the argument believe that the other is committing the fallacy of suppressed evidence. The study contradicting the IPCC claims that glaciers have always been moving and breaking off since it is a part of their natural process. Thousands of years ago, there was not a great deal of discharges of greenhouse gasses and the glaciers were still going through the same process; therefore, humans have no effect on the movement and breaking of glaciers. “Dr Boris Winterhalter, a professor on marine geology and former marine researcher at the Geological Survey of Finland, said that, “The breaking glacier wall is a normally occurring phenomenon which is due to the normal advance of a glacier”" (Marshall). As for the melting of the glaciers and this affecting the sea-levels, Professor Philip Stott from the Department of Biogeography at the University of London, claims that the rise of sea-levels is an enormously slow and long process (The Great Global Warming Swindle). They believe that the constant threat of rising sea-levels is in fact not such a big menace since it would probably take another ten thousand years before we see any significant difference. Both arguments seem very solid; therefore, it is important to keep an open mind when dealing with scientific studies.

Second of all, the IPCC concluded that there is a greater probability than 66% that rising temperatures were a factor in influencing the intensity of tropical storms (Black). Anybody could understand this to be true. Tropical storms are caused by the heat; therefore, if the world’s temperature goes up, the tropical storms will be more frequent and more intense. This is a very strong argument, claiming that if the temperature goes up so will the tropical storms, but other scientists make an equally strong point in stating that this should not be blamed on human activity. Climate change has always been a natural process and Timothy Ball, one of the first Canadian doctors in climatology, explains that the changes of temperature are always related to the sun: “climate change is occurring, but that is because it is always occurring, it is a natural change that is a result of the changes in the Sun’s temperature. He explains that we are currently leaving what was known as a Little Ice Age and that the history of Earth is riddled with changes in the climate”(Marshall). Therefore, the intensity and frequency of the tropical storms would more likely be caused by the changes of temperature of the sun than human activity. The IPCC chairman then states “if you see the extent to which human activities are influencing the climate system, the options for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions appear in a different light, because you can see what the costs of inaction are” ( Black). So again the humans are to blame for the discharges of greenhouse gasses and the warming of the planet. Yet the other scientists would believe that this argument is a fallacy of suppressed evidence. The IPCC convincingly points out that we do have a lot of polluting industries and cars and that this is affecting our planet in a very negative way.

On the other hand, other scientists believe that this can only be a little factor in the warming of the planet. They state that the sun controls our season and dominates our solar system. For them, it would be more likely that the sun, with a diameter of approximately 1, 4 kilometres, would be the cause of the heating of the planet. However, if the sun is getting warmer and it is affecting the Earth, it should also effect the other planets in our solar system. NASA made a report that showed that Mars is also experiencing climate change: “Mars’ carbon dioxide ice caps have been melting for a few years now [] An astronomical observatory in Russia declared that, “the Mars data is evidence that the current global warming on Earth is being caused by changes in the sun.” They further point out that both Mars and Earth have, throughout their histories, experienced periodic ice ages as climate changes in a continuous fashion” (Marshall). This statement strongly and considerably argues that the climate change is not mainly caused by humans but that the sun is getting warmer and that this is affecting our whole solar system. On the other hand, logically it would be positive for us to lower

The reason why it is a Hoax

“With public sentiment nothing can fail; without it nothing can succeed. Consequently, he who molds public sentiment goes deeper than he who enacts statutes than he who enacts or pronounces decisions.” Abraham Lincoln.

People exist always only in combination with nature, they can not be separated from it by any means and thus any kind of changes either positive or negative are always reflected in our lives. Long time ago one of the main problems on the planet became the global climate change. The Artic ice starts to melt and disappear, Latin America and South America suffer from lethal storms and floods. Europeans have to face melting glaciers, forest fires and heat waves. The tree rings and ancient coral in ice cores show that the world has not been as warm before as it is now. The warmest years were all starting since 1998. Most of these changes are influenced by human activities, as people burn the nature’s stores of coal, oil and natural gas. As a result billions of tones of carbon dioxide come into the air annually. Some scientists even suppose that these changes were caused by the dawn of agriculture. The well known phenomenon connected with global warming is greenhouse effect. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that makes the obstacle for the Sun radiation in the troposphere, the lower atmosphere. Some researches also show that cosmic rays are also connected with this effect. As soon as the atmospheric CO2 rises the global temperatures are luckily to rise by around 2C to 5 C. As a result the ice starts to melt, changes in clouds and vegetation occur and so on. When the glaciers melt, they will certainly cause some rivers to overflow, while others will be emptied. The situations with water resources might cause conflicts in different regions. All this will of course influence the natural ecosystems, as not all species can move quickly enough to put up with the global warming, for example coral reefs. The melting ices will influence not only the level of rivers’ water, but also the level of the oceans is disturbed. And if the level of the ocean rises 6 meters higher, that would be enough to flood the lands of billions of people.

Forests and oceans on our planet were able to absorb about half of the CO2 people produced, but since 2001 the amount of CO2 is twice bigger, which really limits the resources of the nature.

Methane is the second most important gas for greenhouse effect. The effect of methane is even 20 times greater than carbon dioxide, but there is less methane in the atmosphere. Methane influences 25% of global warming. Methane is produced by cows and termites. Thus agriculture and rice growing can produce methane. Besides coal mining and oil wells also produce methane. The level of methane in the atmosphere is constantly increasing – this is also an alarming fact for the Earth climate.

Public Health organizations are also worried about global warming, as researches state that the global warming is luckily to increase human mortality, when the cases of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes and other parasites increase. But the American Council on Science and Health announced the conclusions of its study which show that such diseases could become serious problems for people disregarding global warming and that these diseases can be prevented not only by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of these conclusions was certainly to make the diseases for the government not associated with global warming. The findings of the American Council on Science and Health were as follows:

- As the World Health Organization states that there are more than 500 million cases of malaria each year, malaria can not be caused only by warming of the climate, the increasing of the temperature can increase the incidents of malaria only by 10-16%.
- The ACSH studies were also stating that wealth can bring health and stimulate long living, whereas poverty is one of the reasons for hard diseases and short life spans. And public health would be put at risk when great economic costs could go on control of greenhouse gas emissions, as it could lead to poverty.
- Yellow fever, malaria and other tropical diseases could be prevented with fewer costs than those needed to restrict greenhouse gas emissions, for example: use of vaccinations, judicious use of pesticides and biological control methods, usage of mosquito and fly screens and public education.
- Spending money for reducing greenhouse gas emissions means that this money can not be used for better methods of preventing the above mentioned diseases, as better nutrition and sanitation.
This was one of the bright examples how the problem of global warming is not treated in a proper way in order to solve the financial and other problems of the high politic leaders, who care really not much for the future of the whole planet.

But no matter what is said, global warming still stays a great problem of the whole mankind. Certainly it is not possible to stop all human activities that disturb the atmosphere as they are connected with producing food and making people warm. But we should not forget that some predictions about global warming are close to tragic. People are controlling the whole Earth as there are almost no places, which never felt the hand of a human. And thus the whole responsibility is on people. There are certain measures to at least avoid the worst case, the disaster on the planet. People can reduce of greenhouse gas emissions with the help of energy conservation, like turning the computers and other technical devices off, when they do not use them, use compact fluorescent lights, unplug the chargers of cell phones and digital cameras and so on.

The issues of global warming and fossil fuel usage are certainly closely connected. The use of oil and natural resources will decline in a decade. But this would not reduce the carbon dioxide emissions automatically, the replacements with coal, heavy oil and tar sand contain even more carbon, if to make them produce the same amount of energy they will produce twice more carbon. But the fact is that all transport, roads and airports for this transport are useless without oil. To create a new transport system is a task for the whole society, not for an individual, besides it would need money, time, natural resources and a lot of brain power. So the previous arguments concerning a lot of money spent on the stopping or at least slowing the global warming can be put aside against these ones.

The projections made for the future state that Earth will be an ice planet without greenhouse effect, the Earth will get warmer, by the 2100 the temperature will be 1.5 C – 4.5 C warmer, the increase will be less in the southern hemisphere and greater in the northern hemisphere. The global temperature is connected with carbon dioxide level and methane level, which at the moment exceed greatly the past levels.

It is necessary to mention some facts concerning the future in order to understand why the global warming can be considered a disaster for the whole planet. Certainly it is not possible to know the future climate on Earth precisely, but some data are certain: every century brings the increase of the temperature of 1-2C. It is enough for Greenland and Antarctica to start melting, thus some part of northern areas could become a farmland and Sahara might become bigger. Storms can be stronger. Some countries like Bangladesh and Netherlands are luckily to vanish because of the ocean level rise up to 5 meters.

The term “climate forcings” is often used though it is hard to give its precise definition. To define it simply – this is an event that influences global climate. At this point it is necessary to mention that the weather and climate are different things, the weather is described with the help of variations of dryness or wetness, cold and heat. They do not play a great role for the whole picture on the Earth, but climate can be influenced by forcings, like for example a volcanic eruption can cool the climate on the whole Earth. Such forcing is called a short term forcing. An example of long term forcing may be continental drift which within millions of years changes the path of ocean currents. To anthropogenic forcings belong fossil fuel burning and agriculture. Not all forcings of humans result in global warming, sulfur dioxide from coal burning produces aerosols and they result in cooling.

These were the main negative influences on the climate that cause the global warming. They are rather serious and need urgent steps taken by people in order to avoid the catastrophes in the world of nature, to which we by the way also belong.

So the climate of the Earth should be an international concern and not only of scientists and ordinary people, but also of those who hold power in their hand and are able to make the politics work not only for money, but also for the future of the whole mankind. Unfortunately, these are mostly beautiful words and promises when elections are in the future as soon as they are over the real situation changes. Not a single national leader has come out publicly and said that the recent spate of hurricanes was the result of global warming, this is a part of conventional wisdom of environmentalists that they should not frighten the public, but should focus their interest on technical solutions, like for example hybrid cars and so on.

Global warming is such a problem that it is necessary to deal with all its aspects, which includes the politics. When politicians formulate their policy they need inputs from many disciplines and from science as well. But unfortunately global warming has become an absolutely political issue and politicians do their best to influence even science.

In 1992 at the Earth Summit the

Writer: Darren Ng

Research Paper

Global Warming Crisis

Global warming is one, if not the most discussed concerns of our contemporary society. In fact, it has engendered protracted debates between and among our top scientists, whose differing theories seek to unravel not only the real causes but also certain viable solutions which can be framed to address it. If only to cite, two schools of thought emerge from these heated discussions. On the one side of the spectrum, one group of scientist-thinkers claims that the rapid increase of carbon dioxide emission, owing much from the exponential growth of industries of the post war era, is the chief cause of the present global warming crisis. By contrast, another group that which strongly disagrees with the aforesaid stance maintains that global warming is not really attributable to an increased carbon dioxide emission as it is to due to the inevitability of the earths natural processes of cyclic heating and cooling within a given span of time.

Thus, while it is agreed that the globe is in fact warming, I believe carbon dioxide is not the underlying reason behind it. This paper makes a case for the necessity of continuing studies as regards to the matter, as I am more inclined to believe that, based on my readings, carbon dioxide emission does not constitute the real cause of global warming, if by cause we take to mean that the increased production of carbon dioxide acts as the sufficient explanation of global warming, let alone its sole mitigating factor. The stance which this paper takes is a somewhat critical to the more popular understanding of global warming crisis; i.e. this paper is specifically critical to Al Gore, along with some 2,500 scientist who work at the IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and roughly about 86% of American citizens, who summarily hold that global warming is a problem brought about by human doing. This paper seeks to underscore the incurable ambiguities which mark the contention that global warming is entirely due to the increased incidence of greenhouse concentrations, which in itself is nothing but the consequential result of the perceived increase of carbon dioxide emissions.

Carbon Dioxide Emission as Causative Ingredient to Global Warming?

As previously mentioned, there are many scientists who claim that the current state of the industrial societies is a key determining factor that aggravates the noticeable increase of world atmospheric and marine temperatures. Crucial to this is to cite that world economies heavy dependence on fossil fuels, which in turn leads to excessive carbon dioxide emission, is responsible for the increased incidence of greenhouse effect being experienced the world over. For instance, Homer-Dixon, the author of the book The upside of Down: Catastrophe, Creativity, and the Renewal of Civilization he cites that concentration of greenhouse gases are increasing fast and the earth is getting hotter (Homer-Dixon 162). And it, in fact, is not hard to establish that there is a direct correlation existing between the increasing world temperature and the equally rapid increase of carbon dioxide emission recorded in as many years. One only needs to show that many studies, such as the one published by the Environmental Protection Agency, rely on arguing the fact that carbon dioxide discharge and the worlds atmospheric temperatures have risen by over 35% since the rise of Industrialization so to make a convenient conclusion that it is the primary cause of global warming(Carbon Dioxide, 2008).

The EPAs argument is relevant in the discussion since it brings into the fore the tendency of many organizations to take carbon dioxide and global warming under the lenses of cause-effect model. In many respects, this is likewise the crux of the arguments espoused by the Kyoto Protocol an international environmental accord sanctioned by the United Nations, aimed at decreasing world production of greenhouse gases. According to the agreement, world governments acceding to such an accord must ensure that steps are undertaken to cut their respective carbon dioxide emissions below the range which can be devastating to nature (Kyoto Protocol). This, moreover, is also the assumption of those who are advocating the use of nuclear power as an alternative to fossil fuels. According to Max Schulz who is the writer of the article Nuclear Power, explains that the world needs to discover viable sources of energy through clean technology without pollution or greenhouse gas emissions (Schulz 90). Herein, it would be necessary to note that the reasoned premise of the Kyoto Protocol and arguments for nuclear power rests on the plain assumption that there exists a direct cause-and-effect correlation between carbon dioxide production and rapid increase of world atmospheric temperatures. Which is why, these arguments tend to regard global warming as anthropogenic in essence i.e., it is a phenomenon brought about by human doing.

That having said, there are still reasons to think that no one can really stop the continued warming of the world. Not even the Kyoto Protocol an already massive initiative, to say the least, taken by humanity to address the problem dares to dream of averting the rise of world temperatures all together. As indeed, our optimum technologies nowadays have yet to frame adequate solutions to curb the rate of global warming. If this perceived helplessness in respect to global warming speaks of anything about our present situation, it merely proves that there is more into the problem than merely attributing it to human doing. This is because if global warming is really a problem constituted by human fault, then it is with human initiatives that such problem can and must be remedied. Apparently however, human progress cannot be blamed for the recent rising trends of global temperatures.

Global Warming as the Earths Natural Way of Being

While it may be easy to establish the correlation between the amounts of carbon dioxide emitted in the last 50 years and the rise of world temperatures, it is nevertheless difficult to construe a necessary cause-and-effect connection between them. For say that carbon dioxide alone is the sufficient explanation to global warming means that we are reducing the problem into a single cause; and this must not be so. In Homer-Dixons book he cites a quote from Michel Jarraud who is the secretary general of the United Nations World Meteorological Organization. Michael Jarraud contends,

You cannot attribute (global warming) to a single cause. Its about the very complex interaction between all the elements that make up the very complex machine that is the EarthBut global warming is likely to lead to more frequent extraordinary events and greater intensity of these events (Homer-Dixon 162).

In the first place, global warming should be seen as a natural process or occurrence, or a phenomenon not generated by human activities. In fact, global warming happens periodically; as this was proven by Petr Chylek who is the Professor of Physics and Atmospheric Science. For instance, in his report, he maintains that during the 1920s, Greenlands temperature was recorded higher than it was during many instances 2005. With such telling evidence, he concludes that, the Greenland warming of 1920 to 1930 demonstrates that a high concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases is not a necessary condition for period of warming to arise (Chylek). The same may be said of the trend which shows that during the period of 1900-1940, the temperatures were rising even when industrialization was not as massive compare to what we have now. After this era, the Post-War economic boom was to commence. Ironically, this was the period when the temperature dropped and did not begin to rise until four decades later. Besides, one must also note with care that the past 150 years have seen a very minute increase in world temperature only half a degree Celsius. If with the massive production of carbon dioxide the rate of world temperature increase does not appear to be so drastic, then it is evident that carbon dioxide is not the sole cause of global warming.

Secondly, where carbon dioxide is in question, it is certainly insightful to note that human activities do not really generate as much carbon dioxide emission as does nature itself, when it produces the carbon dioxide in manner being more significant, if not undeniably massive. This is certainly an interesting angle to look at; for while we agree to a certain respect that carbon dioxide is a heat-generating compound in the atmosphere, it nevertheless is just one of the many gaseous compounds comprising greenhouse gases. As such, carbon dioxide comprises a meager 0.97% of the total greenhouse gasses present in the air (USA TODAY). Moreover, human activities are not to sole progenitor of carbon dioxide. The earths land surface, it must be noted, emits carbon dioxide as well. For instance, when a volcanic eruption occurs, the earth produces more carbon dioxide than the amount produced by industrial factories around the world, and certainly more than the amount of the same emitted by human beings. This is to speak only of the earths terrestrial surface, which is roughly about 30% of the worlds surface area. The largest emitter of carbon dioxide is by the larger marine surface, as it makes up the remaining 70% of our worlds geographical composition. Thus, humanity must not be the one to be blamed for the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere right now. Besides, on account of the fact that carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is insignificant, there is a truth in

Global warming which threatens all mankind and the Earth, appears as a chain of processes that stimulate one another by getting into cause and effect contact with global crisis. At the same time, both crises are closely connected with global political crisis global crisis of democracy as well as crises of field of fundamental human rights and freedoms, world order and political systems. We think that the struggle against each of them separately will not be enough without reviewing these three crises together and attempting their parallel solution simultaneously.

Considering of role of changes taken place in human factor and mind in both global warming and global economic development is very important in solution of these problems and prevention of re-occurrence of this type of crises. We consider it important to study the specific connection between global warming and human factor which is the most important factor of global democratic crisis and both crises in a scientific way.

It is possible to explain global warming either with increasing of radiation of the Earth by the Sun or with changes occurring in turning of this radiation into different energies. According to the well-known scientist Shapley, the Sun can not change to a considerable extent within 20 milliard years. If we consider that the global warming takes place in the last century, then it wouldnt be correct to explain it with changes taking place in the Sun. In that case, we need to search for the reasons of global warming in radiation of the Earth, factors which influence the transformation of the Sun beam on the Earth and effect of human activity on the same factors.

According to us, the warming balance of the Earth is of synergetic nature connecting with processes in three different spheres both in theosphere, biosphere and noosphere. The participation of a man in warming balance is connected with physical changes he made in theosphere on one hand and his organization of biosphere as a living creature on the other hand as well as noosphere creation of taxis creation of artificial cultural surroundings differing from natural space. Though these three spheres obey quite different natural laws, they are closely connected with one another at the same time.

But the fact on emission of heating gases of global warming into the atmosphere in huge volume, has already been justified scientifically and today the attention of the world community has mostly been drawn to this problem. But it should not be forgotten that there are such other factors today that they begin to influence heating balance of the Earth after these factors reach a certain extent. The global warming must be studied as process with prolifactor in this respect.

We consider it necessary to review the factors which dont yet play serious roles in global warming but are expected to turn into serious problems in near future and role of human being in different spheres of appearing of these problems.

Changes occurring in theosphere

Changes occurring on the Earths crust as a result of human activity; the famous Russian scientist V.I. Vernadski writes in his book named Biosphere and noosphere that There are discovered appearances out of the boundaries of it in our planet, especially in the composition of the Earths crust.there may be discovered three appearances here: a) special location of elements of periodic system; b) their complexity; v) their unequal distribution. It should be noted that unlike other living beings, a conscious man influences the appearances discovered in the structure of the Earths crust with his volitional activity and changes them. Such as, Vernadski writes that polynuclear elements rarely prevail on the Earths crust. A man interfered with each of three appearances and made serious changes to them.

Changes occurring on the Earths crust of elements of periodic system; it is clear that first of all, people use the elements like Ca, Ba, Fe, Al, Mg, C, O and others – just out of polynuclear elements in the formation of taxis more, then because of that, the correlation of polynuclear elements which rarely prevail in natural case in the Earths crust with mononuclear elements, caused mononuclear elements to prevail absolutely in the Earths crust as a result. Though we dont have concrete scientific facts on the number of atoms of elements and their role in the regulation of heating of the Earth, we may say that if the previous heating balance of the Earth has been determined with rare prevalence of just polynuclear elements, then changes occurring in the comparison with the elements of different nuclear in the structure of the Earths crust influences global warming.
Violation of unequal distribution of elements in the Earths crust; the unequal distribution of elements in the Earths crust coincided with heating balance of the Earth which had existed till the crisis. This appearance also plays a serious role in the regulation of heating balance of the Earth along with most geophysical events. The natural unequal distribution of the elements of the Earths crust is violated as a result of human activity. Today, the production of raw material existed in different areas of the Earths crust in million and even milliard tons as well as their removal from the same areas, can not make problems in the regulation of heating balance of the Earth by just the same areas. On the other hand, just not all the surface of the Earth gets Sun ray in the same level and just parallel with it, not all the surface of the Earth takes part in transformation of the Sun ray into other kind of energies in the same volume, in that case we may note that the changes taking place in the chemistry of the Earth crust as a result of human activity in theosphere, violation of natural unequal distribution of elements, have serious effects on heating balance of the Earth.

3. Bringing of appearances of the Earths crust from static state to dynamic state; the influence of a man to theosphere is also connected with his bringing the static appearances of the Earths crust to dynamic position action. Such as, the appearances of chemical structure of the Earths crust are static. But a man has created new dynamic appearance by giving these appearances mobility. Today, the materials used for production of cars, trains, ships and planes existing in this world as well as milliards tons of moving elements act as transformers different from their own static cases.

Changes occurring in biosphere

The Earths crust is irreplaceable basis for life live creatures. Vernadski writes: Life is closely connected with the structure of the Earths crust, it enters its mechanisms and plays unusual role in these mechanisms that it cant exist without it. Therefore, changes occurring in the emergences of the Earths crust, influence the life emergences and cause serious problems in them. One of these mechanisms is a mechanism which transforms the Sun beam into different energies that there are made changes in this process of transformation with the increase or decrease of life and finally it seriously influences global warming balance. Thus, changes taking place in theosphere cause serious changes in biosphere in their succession.

There are observed two types of changes on the Earth surface which is one of the key elements of biosphere.

1.Artificial changes taking place on the Earth surface as a result of human activity; Human being exists as a part of alive life but his impact on biosphere leads to serious results by being more complicated unlike other living beings. The participation of human being in biosphere has two natures in itself.

a)This participation is connected with changes made in the life of other living beings fauna and flora. Such as, human being has removed different types of plants and animals from biosenosis with his activity. Thus, there have happened serious changes in sequence and circulation of bio-chain. And there must be specified which role it plays in global warming.

b) The participation of a man in changes occurring in biosenosis is connected with changes in his biomass human increase. In this regard, a mans role in global warming can firstly be measured with changes made in organization of biosphere. According to V.I.Vernadski: biosphere can be considered as the region of the Earths crust caught by transformers which transforms cosmic radiation into ground energy electric, chemical, mechanical and heating. The Sun ray carrier of cosmic energy - not only awakens mechanisms which transform it into chemical energy but also creates these transformers themselves as live nature. Hence, pressing of bio-transformers which act as energy transformers, that is, increasing of transformers which transform Sun rays into heating energy, and in place of that, decreasing of bio-transformers which transform the same rays into chemical, electric and other type of energies, play an important role in global warming.

2. Natural changes occurring in the living world without human intervention; there is correlation between the life activity of different living species which make up biosenosis and global warming. Vernadski notes it right that if we forget the rare relation of biosphere with the structure of cosmic mechanism, then the appearances occurred may not be understood. Life constitutes an important part of atoms of matter which makes up the Earth surface nothing occurs in chemical appearances of biosphere without depending on life. We may ascribe the following to these connections.

a) First of all,